Haloperidol
Typical antipsychotic medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Haloperidol, sold under the brand name Haldol among others, is a typical antipsychotic medication.[6] Haloperidol is used in the treatment of schizophrenia, tics in Tourette syndrome, mania in bipolar disorder, delirium, agitation, acute psychosis, and hallucinations from alcohol withdrawal.[6][7][8] It may be used by mouth or injection into a muscle or a vein.[6] Haloperidol typically works within 30 to 60 minutes.[6] A long-acting formulation may be used as an injection every four weeks by people with schizophrenia or related illnesses, who either forget or refuse to take the medication by mouth.[6]
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Pronunciation | /ˌhæloʊˈpɛrɪdɒl/ |
Trade names | Haldol, Serenace, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682180 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intramuscular, intravenous, depot (as decanoate ester) |
Drug class | Typical antipsychotic |
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Bioavailability | 60–70% (by mouth)[4] |
Protein binding | ~90%[4] |
Metabolism | Liver-mediated[4] |
Elimination half-life | 14–26 hours (IV), 20.7 hours (IM), 14–37 hours (oral)[4] |
Excretion | Biliary (hence in feces) and in urine[4][5] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.142 |
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Formula | C21H23ClFNO2 |
Molar mass | 375.87 g·mol−1 |
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Haloperidol may result in a movement disorder known as tardive dyskinesia which may be permanent.[6] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and QT interval prolongation may occur, the latter particularly with IV administration.[6] In older people with psychosis due to dementia it results in an increased risk of death.[6] When taken during pregnancy it may result in problems in the infant.[6][9] It should not be used by people with Parkinson's disease.[6]
Haloperidol was discovered in 1958 by Paul Janssen,[10] prepared as part of a structure-activity relationship investigation into analogs of pethidine (meperidine).[11] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12] It is the most commonly used typical antipsychotic.[13] In 2020, it was the 303rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.[14]