Hydralazine
Anti-hypertension medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Hydralazine, sold under the brand name Apresoline among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.[2] This includes high blood pressure in pregnancy and very high blood pressure resulting in symptoms.[3] It has been found to be particularly useful in heart failure, together with isosorbide dinitrate, for treatment of people of African descent.[2] It is given by mouth or by injection into a vein.[3] Effects usually begin around 15 minutes and last up to six hours.[2]
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Trade names | Apresoline, BiDil, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682246 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous |
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Bioavailability | 26–50% |
Protein binding | 85–90% |
Metabolism | Liver |
Onset of action | 5 to 30 min[2] |
Elimination half-life | 2–8 hours, 7–16 hours (renal impairment) |
Duration of action | 2 to 6 hrs[2] |
Excretion | Urine |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.528 |
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Formula | C8H8N4 |
Molar mass | 160.180 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include headache and fast heart rate.[2] It is not recommended in people with coronary artery disease or in those with rheumatic heart disease that affects the mitral valve.[2] In those with kidney disease a low dose is recommended.[3] Hydralazine is in the vasodilator family of medications, so it is believed to work by causing the dilation of blood vessels.[2]
Hydralazine was discovered while scientists at Ciba were looking for a treatment for malaria.[4] It was patented in 1949.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] In 2021, it was the 106th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 6 million prescriptions.[7][8]