Methoxyflurane
Chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Methoxyflurane, sold under the brand name Penthrox among others, is an inhaled medication primarily used to reduce pain following trauma.[5][6] It may also be used for short episodes of pain as a result of medical procedures.[4] Onset of pain relief is rapid and of a short duration.[4] Use is only recommended with direct medical supervision.[5]
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Trade names | Penthrane, Metofane, Penthrox, Penthrop, others |
Other names | 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl methyl ether |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Consumer Drug Information |
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Routes of administration | Inhaled |
Drug class | Volatile anesthetic |
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Metabolism | 70% |
Onset of action | Rapid[4] |
Duration of action | Several minutes[4] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.870 |
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Formula | C3H4Cl2F2O |
Molar mass | 164.96 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include anxiety, headache, sleepiness, cough, and nausea.[5] Serious side effects may include kidney problems, liver problems, low blood pressure, and malignant hyperthermia.[5][4] It is unclear if it is safe in either pregnancy or breastfeeding.[5] It is only recommended in those who have a normal level of consciousness and stable blood pressure and heart rate.[4] It is classified as a volatile anaesthetic.[4]
It was first made in 1948 by William T. Miller and came into medical use in the 1960s.[7] It was used as a general anesthetic from its introduction in 1960 until the late 1970s.[8] In 1999, the manufacturer discontinued methoxyflurane in the United States, and in 2005 the Food and Drug Administration withdrew it from the market.[8] It is still used in New Zealand, Australia, Ireland, and the United Kingdom for pain.[9][4][10][5][11]