Phospholipase D
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Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4, lipophosphodiesterase II, lecithinase D, choline phosphatase, PLD; systematic name phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase) is an enzyme of the phospholipase superfamily that catalyses the following reaction
- a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate
Phospholipase D | |||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||
Symbol | PLDc | ||||||||
Pfam | PF03009 | ||||||||
InterPro | IPR001736 | ||||||||
SMART | SM00155 | ||||||||
PROSITE | PDOC50035 | ||||||||
SCOP2 | 1byr / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||
OPM superfamily | 118 | ||||||||
OPM protein | 3rlh | ||||||||
CDD | cd00138 | ||||||||
Membranome | 306 | ||||||||
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phospholipase D | |||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||
EC no. | 3.1.4.4 | ||||||||
CAS no. | 9001-87-0 | ||||||||
Databases | |||||||||
IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
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Phospholipases occur widely, and can be found in a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, yeast, plants, animals, and viruses.[1][2] Phospholipase D's principal substrate is phosphatidylcholine, which it hydrolyzes to produce the signal molecule phosphatidic acid (PA), and soluble choline in a cholesterol dependent process called substrate presentation.[3] Plants contain numerous genes that encode various PLD isoenzymes, with molecular weights ranging from 90 to 125 kDa.[4] Mammalian cells encode two isoforms of phospholipase D: PLD1 and PLD2.[5] Phospholipase D is an important player in many physiological processes, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal reorganization, receptor-mediated endocytosis, exocytosis, and cell migration.[6] Through these processes, it has been further implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases: in particular the progression of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, as well as various cancers.[4][6] PLD may also help set the threshold for sensitivity to anesthesia and mechanical force.[7][8]