Plant lipid transfer proteins
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Plant lipid transfer proteins, also known as plant LTPs or PLTPs, are a group of highly-conserved proteins of about 7-9kDa found in higher plant tissues.[1][2] As its name implies, lipid transfer proteins facilitate the shuttling of phospholipids and other fatty acid groups between cell membranes.[3] LTPs are divided into two structurally related subfamilies according to their molecular masses: LTP1s (9 kDa) and LTP2s (7 kDa).[4] Various LTPs bind a wide range of ligands, including fatty acids with a C10–C18 chain length, acyl derivatives of coenzyme A, phospho- and galactolipids, prostaglandin B2, sterols, molecules of organic solvents, and some drugs.[2]
Plant lipid transfer protein / bifunctional inhibitor / seed storage protein, 4-helical domain | |||||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||||
Symbol | LTP/seed_store/tryp_amyl_inhib | ||||||||||
Pfam | PF00234 | ||||||||||
Pfam clan | CL0482 | ||||||||||
InterPro | IPR016140 | ||||||||||
SMART | SM00499 | ||||||||||
CATH | 1UVB | ||||||||||
SCOP2 | 1UVB / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||||
CDD | cd00010 | ||||||||||
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Also Pfam PF13016, PF14368; see the Pfam clan relationships. |
The LTP domain is also found in seed storage proteins (including 2S albumin, gliadin, and glutelin) and bifunctional trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitors.[5][6][7][8] These proteins share the same superhelical, disulfide-stabilised four-helix bundle containing an internal cavity.
There is no sequence similarity between animal and plant LTPs. In animals, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, also called plasma lipid transfer protein, is a plasma protein that facilitates the transport of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides between the lipoproteins.