Pushkalavati
Capital of ancient Gandhara in modern-day Pakistan / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pushkalavati (Pashto: پشکلاوتي; Urdu: پُشْكَلآوَتی; Sanskrit: Puṣkalāvatī पुष्कलावती; Prākrit: Pukkalāoti; Ancient Greek: Πευκελαῶτις Peukelaôtis) or Pushkaravati (Sanskrit: Puṣkarāvatī; Pāli: Pokkharavatī), in Bala Hisar, and later Shaikhan Dheri (Pashto: شېخان ډېرۍ; Urdu: شیخان ڈھیری), was the capital of the ancient region of Gāndhāra, situated in present day's Pakistan.[1] Its ruins are located on the outskirts of the modern city of Charsadda, in Charsadda District, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 35-42 kilometres northeast of Peshawar,[2] at the banks of Jindi River,[3] near the junction of Swat River with Kabul River. The earliest archaeological remains in Bala Hisar mound are from 1400 to 800 BCE.[4][5] Pushkalavati (in Bala Hisar mound) may have been incorporated as an Achaemenid regional settlement around 520 BCE,[6] and it remained an important city (in Shaikhan Dheri mound) through to the beginning of 3rd century CE.[7]
پشکلاوتي | |
Alternative name | Pushkalavati |
---|---|
Location | Outskirts of Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
Coordinates | 34.168°N 71.736°E / 34.168; 71.736 |
Type | Ancient capital city |
History | |
Founded | c. 1400 BCE |
Periods | Gandhara |
Site notes | |
Excavation dates | 1902 |
Archaeologists | Sir John Marshall Sir Mortimer Wheeler |
Management | https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.533479/page/n11/mode/1up "Pushkalavati: The Lotus City"], Archaeological Guide Series No. 1, Peshawar Univ |
The ruins of Pushkalavati consist of two sites, separated by the small Shambor river.[8] To the south is Bala Hisar, which consists of two separate mounds, one eastern and one western.[9] To the north is Shaikhan Dheri, wedged between the Shambor and Jindi rivers.[10]