Spanish Universalist School of the 18th century
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The Spanish Universalist School of the 18th century (Spanish: "Escuela Universalista Española del siglo XVIII") (also labelled "Hispanic", or "Hispano-Italian", known as "Spanish Universalist School") is mainly defined by Juan Andrés, Lorenzo Hervás and Antonio Eximeno as the main Authors, but also by his close collaborators: the botanist Antonio José Cavanilles and the great Americanists Francisco Javier Clavijero (Nueva España- at the moment Mexico), José Celestino Mutis (Colombia), Juan Ignacio Molina (Chili), Joaquín Camaño (Argentina), Francisco Javier Alegre and Rafael Landívar, Junípero Serra (California), the Philippine Juan de la Concepción or Miguel Casiri, a Lebanese-born Arabic-language expert.
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This school is about a culminating universal humanistic science project, both in a culminating sense of the disciplines as in a geographic-cultural sense of the world through the convergence of tradition of classical humanism with modern empirical science. In a methodological sense, it deals with the development of modern Comparative Studies, as well as a singular universalist Enlightenment that brings together human sciences and physical-natural sciences alike. Its consideration transforms remarkably and enriches the face of modern European culture.[1]
Its double humanistic and theoretical dimension on one side and empirical science dimension on the other side, as an exemplary and well-founded antecedent for this current era of globalization, acquires a special inter-continentalist and universalist sense. The Spanish Universalist School of the 18th century largely matured in northern Italy and the second great Hispanic intellectual moment after the School of Salamanca,[2] represent the first great European moment of the construction of a global culture in itself.[3]
The greatest direct influence of the Spanish universalists in the Anglo-Saxon world was that of Juan Andrés on the historiographer and literary critic Henry Hallam. [4]