Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)
Tuareg insurgency in Mali and Niger / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The 2007-2009 Tuareg rebellion was an insurgency that began in February 2007 amongst elements of the Tuareg people living in the Sahara desert regions of northern Mali and Niger. It is one of a series of insurgencies by formerly nomadic Tuareg populations, which had last appeared in the mid-1990s, and date back at least to 1916. Populations dispersed to Algeria and Libya, as well as to the south of Niger and Mali in the 1990s returned only in the late 1990s. Former fighters were to be integrated into national militaries, but the process has been slow and caused increased resentment. Malian Tuaregs had conducted some raids in 2005–2006, which ended in a renewed peace agreement. Fighting in both nations was carried on largely in parallel, but not in concert. While fighting was mostly confined to guerrilla attacks and army counterattacks, large portions of the desert north of each nation were no-go zones for the military and civilians fled to regional capitals like Kidal, Mali and Agadez, Niger. Fighting was largely contained within Mali's Kidal Region and Niger's Agadez Region. Algeria helped negotiate an August 2008 Malian peace deal, which was broken by a rebel faction in December, crushed by the Malian military and wholescale defections of rebels to the government. Niger saw heavy fighting and disruption of uranium production in the mountainous north, before a Libyan backed peace deal, aided by a factional split among the rebels, brought a negotiated ceasefire and amnesty in May 2009.
2007-2009 Tuareg rebellion | |||||||
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Part of the Tuareg rebellions and Operation Juniper Shield | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Niger Mali |
In Niger: Niger Movement for Justice Front of Forces for Rectification (2008 split) Niger Patriotic Front (2009 split) In Mali: ADC ATNM (2008 split) | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Mamadou Ousseini (Nigerien Army Chief of Staff) |
In Niger: Aghaly ag Alambo In Mali: Ibrahim Ag Bahanga Hassan Ag Fagaga | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
4,000[1] Unknown | In Mali: 165–400+[2] | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Niger: ~70[3]–159[4] killed 100+ captured[5] Mali: ~60 killed[6] | ~200 killed[3] | ||||||
Civilian casualties: At least 10 Malian[7] and tens to hundreds of Nigerien civilians killed[8] |