Yugra
Collective name for lands and peoples northeast of the Urals / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Yugra or Iuhra (Old Russian: Югра, Jugra) was a collective name for lands and peoples in the region to the east of the northern Ural Mountains (modern north-west Russia), in the Russian annals of the 12th–17th centuries. During this period the region was inhabited by the Khanty (a.k.a. Ostyaks) and Mansi (Voguls) peoples.
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In a current context, the word "Yugra" generally refers to a political constituent of the Russia Federation formally known as Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, located in the lands historically known as Ioughoria. In modern Russian this word is rendered "Югория" (Yugoria) and is used as a poetic synonym of the region.
In beginning of the 16th century, the similarity between Yugria (latinized form of the name) and ugry, an Old Russian ethnonym for the Hungarians, was noted by scholars such as Maciej Miechowita. The modern name of the Ugric language family, which includes Khanty and Mansi together with Hungarian, was also adopted on the assumption that the two words share a common origin.[1] However, even though the linguistic connection between the Ugric languages is well established, the etymological connection between Yugra and ugry is disputed.[2] András Róna-Tas has suggested that the name Yugria is related to a 10-11th century ethnic name Ugur, whereas the Hungarian ethnonym derives from On Ugur, 'ten Oghurs'.[3]
From 16th century onwards, Yugra was often assumed to be the Hungarians' ancestral home. Contemporary Uralic linguistics locates the Urheimat of the Ugric language family to Southwestern Siberia, at the margin of the Eurasian steppe.[4]