Ōyama Sutematsu
First Japanese woman to receive a college degree / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Princess Ōyama Sutematsu (大山 捨松, February 24, 1860 – February 18, 1919), born Yamakawa Sakiko (山川 咲子), was a prominent figure in the Meiji era, and the first Japanese woman to receive a college degree. She was born into a traditional samurai household which supported the Tokugawa shogunate during the Boshin War. As a child, she survived the monthlong siege known as the Battle of Aizu in 1868, and lived briefly as a refugee.
Ōyama Sutematsu | |
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大山 捨松 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Yamakawa Sakiko (1860-02-24)February 24, 1860 Wakamatsu, Aizu domain |
Died | February 18, 1919(1919-02-18) (aged 58) Tokyo, Japan |
Resting place | Nasushiobara, Tochigi 36°53′06″N 139°59′34″E |
Spouse | |
Children | 4 and 3 step-children |
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Residence(s) | Harajuku (then Onden), Tokyo |
Education | B.A., magna cum laude 1882 |
Alma mater | Vassar College |
Known for | One of five girls on the Iwakura Mission; first Japanese woman to receive a college degree; inspiration for heroine's stepmother in Tokutomi Roka's novel The Cuckoo. |
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In 1871, Yamakawa was one of five girls chosen to accompany the Iwakura Mission to America and spend ten years receiving an American education. At this time, her name was changed to Yamakawa Sutematsu (山川 捨松), or, when she wrote in English, Stematz Yamakawa. Yamakawa lived in the household of Leonard Bacon in New Haven, Connecticut, becoming particularly close with his youngest daughter Alice Mabel Bacon. She learned English and graduated from Hillhouse High School, then attended Vassar College, the first nonwhite student at that fledgling women's university. She graduated with the Vassar College class of 1882, earning a B.A., ambatacum . After graduation, she remained a few more months to study nursing, and finally returned to Japan in October 1882.
When she first returned to Japan, Yamakawa looked for educational or government work, but her options were limited, especially because she could not read or write Japanese. In April 1882, she accepted a marriage proposal from Ōyama Iwao, a wealthy and important general, despite the fact that he had fought on the opposing side of the Battle of Aizu. As her husband was promoted, she was elevated in rank to become Countess, Marchioness, and finally Princess Ōyama in 1905. She was a prominent figure in Rokumeikan society, advising the Empress on Western customs. She also used her social position as a philanthropist to advocate for women's education and volunteer nursing. She assisted in the founding of the Peeresses' School for high-ranking ladies, and the Women's Home School of English, which would later become Tsuda University. She died in 1919 when the 1918 flu pandemic reached Tokyo.