Canjin yanayi
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Canjin yanayi,ya haɗa da dumamar yanayi, wanda hayakin dan Adam na iskar gas, da kuma sauye-sauye masu yawa na yanayi.[1] Koda yake canjin yanayi ya gabata a baya, tun daga tsakiyar ƙarni na ashirin 20, yawan girman tasirin dan Adam, kan tsarin yanayi na duniya da kuma girman tasirin wannan tsarin ba a taba yin irin sa ba.[2]
Canjin yanayi | |
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atmospheric phenomenon (en) , Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli da human impact on the environment (en) | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | external risk (en) da global climate change (en) |
Has cause (en) | carbon dioxide emissions (en) , greenhouse gas emissions (en) , hayakin da ake fitarwa daga noma da Gandun daji |
Karatun ta | Climatology |
Contributing factor of (en) | arctic sea ice decline (en) |
Shafin yanar gizo | ipcc.ch |
Has contributing factor (en) | coal-fired power station (en) |
Handled, mitigated, or managed by (en) | Daidaituwar canjin yanayi |
WordLift URL (en) | http://data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/global_warming |
Hannun riga da | global cooling (en) |
CanjCanjin, yanayi; aɗan adam ya haifar da canjin yanayi ba wata ƙungiyar kimiyya ta ƙasa ko ta ƙasa ke jayayya ba.[3] Babban direba shine fitarwa na iskar gas, wanda kuma sama da 90% shine carbon dioxide (CO2) da methane.[4] Kone burbushin mai don amfani da makamashi shine asalinn. Tushen fitar da wannan hayaƙin, tare da kuma ƙarin gudummawa daga harkar noma, sare bishiyoyi, da kuma matakan masana'antu.[5] Hawan zafin jiki yana haɓaka ko zafin rai ta hanyar bayanin yanayi, kamar asarar dusar ƙanƙara mai nuna hasken rana da murfin kankara, ƙarar tururin ruwa (iskar gas mai ɗari da kanta), da canje-canjen zuwa ƙasa da tekun.
Saboda yanayin samaniya yayi zafi fiye da na teku, hamada tana faɗaɗa kuma zafi da wutar daji sun fi zama ruwan dare.[7] Hawan zafin sararin samaniya ya fi girma a cikin Arctic, inda ya ba da gudummawa ga narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma komawar kankara da kankara a teku.[8] Yawan kuzarin yanayi da ƙimar kuzarin yanayi suna haifar da guguwa da tsananin yanayi, wanda ke lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa da aikin gona.[9] Ƙaruwar yanayin zafi yana iyakance yawan ruwan teku da kuma illa ga hannayen jari a yawancin sassan duniya.[10] Abubuwan da ake tsammani yanzu da waɗanda ake tsammani daga rashin abinci mai gina jiki, tsananin zafi da cuta sun sa Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana canjin yanayi mafi haɗari ga lafiyar duniya a cikin ƙarni na 21.[11] Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli sun haɗa da ƙarewa ko ƙaura daga yawancin jinsuna yayin da tsarin halittunsu ya canza, mafi akasari nan da nan cikin murjani, dutsen, da Arctic.[12] Ko da kuwa kokarin rage dumamar yanayi na gaba ya yi nasara, wasu tasirin za su ci gaba har tsawon karnoni, gami da hauhawar matakan teku, karuwar yanayin zafi na tekun, da kuma narkon ruwan daga tekun CO2.[13]
Yawancin waɗannan tasirin an riga an lura dasu a halin yanzu kuma na zafin jiki, wanda yake kusan 1.1°C (2.0°F).[14] Kungiyar Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) ta ba da jerin rahotanni waɗanda ke nuna ƙimar girma a cikin waɗannan tasirin yayin da ɗumamar yanayi ke ci gaba zuwa 1.5°C (2.7°F) da kuma bayan.[15] A karkashin yarjejeniyar ta Paris, kasashe sun amince da ci gaba da dumamar yanayi "sosai a karkashin 2.0°C (3.6°F)" ta hanyar rage hayaki mai gurbata yanayi. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin waɗannan alƙawura, ɗumamar yanayi zai kai kimanin 2.8°C (5.0°F) a ƙarshen karnin, kuma manufofin yanzu zasu haifar da kusan 3.0°C (5.4°F) na dumamar yanayi.[16] Iyakan ɗumamar yanayi zuwa 1.5°C (2.7°F) na buƙatar rabin fitar da hayaƙi a cikin 2030, sa'annan ya kai matakin kusan sifili ta 2050.[17].
Yunkurin ragewa ya haɗa da bincike, cigaba, da kuma tura fasahohin masu amfani da makamashi mai kara kuzari, ingantaccen ingancin makamashi, manufofi na rage hayakin mai, burbushin lamura, da kuma adana gandun daji. Fasahar aikin injiniya na yanayi, mafi yawan fitowar hasken rana da kuma cire carbon dioxide, suna da iyakantattun abubuwa kuma suna ɗaukar manyan rashin tabbas. Kungiyoyi da gwamnatoci kuma suna aiki don daidaitawa da tasirin ɗumamar yanayi na yanzu da kuma nan gaba ta hanyar ingantaccen kariya ta bakin teku, kyakkyawan kula da bala'i, da haɓaka albarkatun gona masu tsayayya.