Glucose
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Glucose bụ shuga nwere usoro . Glucose bụ n'ozuzu ya monosaccharide kachasị, [4] otu subcategory nke carbohydrates. Glucose na-abụkarị nke osisi na ọtụtụ algae n'eme n'oge photosynthesis site na mmiri na carbon dioxide, n'eji ike sitere na ìhè anyanwụ, ebe a n'eji ya eme cellulose na mgbidi mkpụrụ ndụ, carbohydrate kachasị n'ụwa.[5][6][7]
Usoro d="13" href="./Skeletal_formula" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Skeletal formula">Ọkpụkpụ nke d-glucose | |
Nkọwa Haworth nke α-d-glucopyranose | |
Nkọwapụta nke d-glucose | |
Aha | |
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Nkwupụta | //<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">'</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡọ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">Oʊ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>//, //<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡọ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">Oʊ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>// |
Aha IUPAC Aha ndị a na-enye ohere: [1]
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Aha IUPAC kachasị amasị A naghị amata PIN maka ngwaahịa okike. | |
Aha usoro IUPAC
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Aha ndị ọzọ Ọbara shugaDextroseCorn shuga-GlucoseGrape shuga | |
Ihe ndị na-eme ka a mata ya | |
Nọmba CAS |
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Ihe nlereanya 3D (JSmol) |
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3DMet | Page Àtụ:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
Nchịkọta | Glc |
Nkwupụta Beilstein |
1281604 |
ChEBI | Page Àtụ:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
ChEMBL | Page Àtụ:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
ChemSpider | Page Àtụ:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
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<span title="European Community number (chemical identifier)">Nọmba EC</span> | Page Àtụ:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
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Nkwupụta Gmelin |
83256 |
IUPHAR/BPS |
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KEGG | Page Àtụ:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
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MeSH | Glucose |
PubChem <abbr title="<nowiki>Compound ID</nowiki>">CID |
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Nọmba RTECS | Page Àtụ:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
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UNII | Page Àtụ:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
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InChI
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Udo
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Ihe onwunwe | |
Usoro kemịkalụ |
C6H12O6 |
Ọkpụkpụ nke ọkpụkpụ | 180.156 g/mol |
Ọdịdị | Ọcha ọcha |
Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ | 1.54 g/cm3 |
Ebe ọ na-agbaze | α-d-Glucose: 146 °C (295 °F; 419 K) β-d-Clucose: 150 °C (302 °F; 423 K) d |
Ọdịdị mmiri |
909 g/L (25 °C (77 °F)) |
Mmetụta magnetik (χ) |
-101.5×10−6 cm3/mol |
Oge Dipole |
8.6827 |
Okpomọkụ na kemịkalụ | |
Ikike okpomọkụ (C) |
218.6 J/ (K·mol) [2] |
Std molarentropy<br> (Sjá 298) (Ọ dị n'afọ 298) |
209.2 J/ (K·mol) [2] [2] |
Std enthalpy offormation (ΔfHZ298) (Dị ka nke a na-akpọ, 298) |
-1271 kJ/mol[3] |
Okpomọkụ nke ọkụ, uru dị elu (HHV) |
2,805 kJ/mol (670 kcal/mol) |
Ọgwụ na-ahụ maka ọgwụ | |
Koodu ATC |
B05CX01 (WHO) V04CA02 (WHO), V06DC01 (WHO). |
Ihe ize ndụ | |
<b>NFPA 704</b> (diamond ọkụ) | Page Àtụ:NFPA 704 diamond/styles.css has no content. <span title="Health 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g. sodium chloride">0</span> <span title="Flammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oil">1</span> <span title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen">0</span> |
Akwụkwọ data nchekwa (SDS) | ICSC 08655 |
Ewezuga ebe a kpọtụrụ aha, a na-enye data maka ihe dị na ọnọdụ ha (na 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Ihe odide Infobox |
Na metabolism ike, glucose bụ isi iyi kachasị mkpa nke ike na ihe niile dị ndụ. A n'echekwa glucose maka metabolism dị ka polymer, na osisi dịka starch na amylopectin, na anụmanụ dị ka glycogen. Glucose naagagharị n'ọbara ụmụ anụmanụ dị ka shuga dị n'ọgbụgba.[5][7] Ndammana glucose n'apụta n'okike bụ D-glucose, ebe a n'emepụta stereoisomer ya -glucose n'ụzọ aka na obere ma ọ naghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma.[2] Glucose bụ monosaccharide nwere atọm carbon isii na otu aldehyde, ya mere ọ bụ aldohexose. Mkpụrụ ndụ glucose nwere ike ịdị n'ụdị oghere (acyclic) yana ụdị mgbanaka (cyclic). Glucose n'eme n'ụzọ okike ma n'ahụ ya n'ọnọdụ ya n'efu na mkpụrụ osisi na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke osisi. N'ime ụmụ anụmanụ, a n'ewepụta glucose site na mmebi nke glycogen na usoro a maara dị ka glycogenolysis.
Glucose, dị ka ihe ngwọta shuga intravenous, dị na Ndepụta Ọgwụ Ndị Dị Mkpa nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa.[8] Ọ dịkwa na ndepụta ahụ na njikọta ya na sodium chloride (mmanụ nnu). [1][8]
Aha glucose sitere na Grik oge ochie γλεῦκος (gleûkos, "vine, must"), site na γλυκύς (glykýs, "sweet").[9] Ntinye "-ose" bụ onye na-ekewa kemịkal na-egosi shuga.
Mmetụta glucose dị n'ahụ mmadụ
Glucose bụ isi iyi ike dị mkpa maka ahụike mmadụ. N'ime ahụ na-arụ ọrụ, sel na-amịkọrọ glucose site na nri iji mepụta ume. Usoro a na-emepụta molekul ume a na-akpọ ATP. ATP bụ isi iyi ike dị mkpa maka arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke akwara, ụbụrụ na akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye, glucose na-akwalite nchekwa ike na ọrụ mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie site na homonụ na-achịkwa ọrụ ụbụrụ na ọkwa shuga ọbara. Isi iyi a bụ otu n'ime ụmụ irighiri ihe dị mkpa maka ndụ ma dị mkpa maka ahụike mmadụ.
Ọnụego glucose ọbara a na-ahazi maka mmadụ dị n'etiti 70 na 100 mg / dl.
Ekwesịrị ịlele ọkwa glucose n'ụtụtụ mgbe emepere emepe. Ndị mmadụ karịrị afọ 40 ka a na-atụ aro ka ha nyochaa glucose kwa afọ 3.
Nkwado glucose
Nkwado glucose, nke bụ ụzọ na usoro dị iche iche iji mee ka oriri glucose na-eri nri ma ọ bụ ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara. Ụfọdụ ụzọ a na-ahụkarị gụnyere ndị a (ịkwesịrị ka gị na dọkịta gị na-ekwurịta nkwado glucose mgbe niile):
- Nri: Ị nwere ike imetụta ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ shuga dị n'ọbara gị site n'iri ụdị nri ụfọdụ.
- Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates dị mgbagwoju anya na nri nwere ike inye glucose na-ahapụ ngwa ngwa ma nyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara. Ndị a na-agụnye nri ndị nwere carbohydrates dị mgbagwoju anya, dị ka ngwaahịa ọka wit na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri na-esighị ike.
- Ihe mgbakwunye: Dabere na ọtụtụ ahụmịhe ụlọ ọgwụ, emepụtara ọtụtụ ihe inyeaka mgbakwunye. Ha nwere ike ịnwe ihe ndị sitere n'okike na-emetụta ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara. Ihe mgbakwunye dị otú ahụ abụghị ọgwụ, n'ihi ya, ha anaghị agwọ ọrịa. Ị kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ dọkịta gị mgbe niile tupu ị na-eji ha.
- Nnyocha ahụike na ọgwụgwọ. A na-enweta ọgwụgwọ na nyocha ahụike kwesịrị ekwesị iji jikwaa ma kwado ọkwa glucose. Ndị a gụnyere usoro ọgwụgwọ ọgbara ọhụrụ na usoro iji chịkwaa ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara ma mee ka ndị nwere ọrịa shuga dị mma.
- Insulin na ọgwụ antidiabetic. A na-enye ndị nwere ọrịa shuga insulin ma ọ bụ ọgwụ antidiabetic iji mezie ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara ha ka ọ dị mkpa. A na-eji ọgwụ ndị a emezigharị n'otu n'otu iji kwado na ịhazi ọkwa shuga dị n'ọbara.