Odessa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Odessa or Odesa (Ukrainian: Оде́са, pronounced [ɔˈdɛsɑ]), (Roushie: Оде́сса), is the third lairgest ceety in Ukraine, wi a population o 1,003,705. At the beginnin o the 20t century it wis the biggest ceety o Ukraine an haed a special unthirlt jurisdiction. The ceety is a major seaport an transportation hub locatit on the northwastren shore o the Black Sea. Odessa is an aa an admeenistrative centre o the Odessa Oblast an major cultural centre o multi-ethnic population. Its alternative Roushie name is the Soothren Palmira.
Odesa (Одеса) Odessa (Одесса) | |
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Clockwise: monument tae Duke de Richelieu, Vorontsov Lichthoose, ceety gairden, Opera an Ballet Theatre, Potemkin Stairs, Square de Richelieu | |
Coordinates: 46°28′N 30°44′E | |
Kintra | Ukraine |
Oblast | Odessa Oblast |
Ceety Municipality | Odessa |
Port foondit | 2 September 1794 |
Govrenment | |
• Mayor | Aleksey A Kostusyev[1] |
Area | |
• City | 236.9 km2 (91.5 sq mi) |
Elevation | 40 m (130 ft) |
Highest elevation | 65 m (213 ft) |
Lowest elevation | -4.2 m (−13.8 ft) |
Population (1 Julie 2011) | |
• City | 1,003,705 |
• Density | 6141/km2 (15,910/sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,191,0001 |
• Demonym | Ukrainian: Одесит одеситка |
Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Postal code | 65000–65480 |
Area code(s) | +380 48 |
Website | www.odessa.ua |
1 The population o the metropolitan aurie is as o 2001. |
The predecessor o Odessa, a smaa Tatar dounset, wis foondit bi Hacı I Giray, the Khan o Crimea in 1440. Efter a period o Lithuanie control, it passed intae the domain o the Ottoman Sultan in 1529 an remained in Ottoman haunds till the Ottoman Empire's defeat in the Russo-Turkis War o 1792. The ceety o Odessa wis foondit bi a decree o the Empress Catherine the Great in 1794. Frae 1819 tae 1858 Odessa wis a free port. Durin the Soviet period it wis the maist important port o tred in the Soviet Union an a Soviet naval base. On 1 Januar 2000 the Quarantine Pier o Odessa tred sea port wis declared a free port an free economic zone for a term o 25 years.
In the 19t century it wis the fowert lairgest ceety o Imperial Roushie, efter Moscow, Saunt Petersburg an Warsaw.[2] Its historical airchitectur haes a style mair Mediterranean nor Roushie, haein been hivily influencit bi French an Italian styles. Some biggins are biggit in a mixtur o different styles, includin Art Nouveau, Renaissance an Clessicist.[3]
Odessa is a wairm watter port. The ceety o Odessa hosts twa important ports: Port o Odessa itsel an Port Yuzhne (an aa an internaitionally important ile terminal), situatit in the ceety's suburbs. Anither important port, Illichivsk, is locatit in the same oblast, tae the sooth-wast o Odessa. Thegither thay represent a major transport hub integratin wi railways. Odessa's ile an chemical processin facilities are connectit tae Roushie's an EU's respective networks bi strategic pipelines.