දර්ශන ආචාර්ය
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දර්ශන ආචාර්ය(Doctor of Philosophy), කෙටි යෙදුම Ph.D. හෝ PhD ලතික් භාෂාවේ philosophiæ doctor, දර්ශන ආචාර්ය(දර්ශනය උගන්වන ගුරුවරයා) යන්න මෙහි නිරුකක්ත්යාර්තයයි.මෙය උසස් අධ්යපන උපාධියකි.මෙම උපාධිය ඉතා ඉහළ මට්ටමේ උපාධියකි. මේ සදහා විශ්ව විද්යාල මට්ටමේ පර්යේෂණ ක්ෂේත්ර පරීක්ෂණ අඩංගු විය යුතුය.
කරුණාකර මෙම ලිපිය සිංහල භාෂාවට පරිවර්තනය කිරීමෙන් දායකවන්න.
The detailed requirements for award of a Ph.D. degree vary throughout the world; however, there are a number of common factors. In some countries (the US, Canada, Denmark, for example), most universities require coursework for Ph.D. degrees. In many other countries (especially those with a greater degree of specialization at the undergraduate level, such as the UK) there is no such condition in general. It is not uncommon, however, for individual universities or departments to specify analogous requirements for students not already in possession of a master's degree.
In countries requiring coursework, there is usually a prescribed minimum amount of study — typically two to three years full time, or a set number of credit hours — which must take place before submission of a thesis. This requirement is usually waived for academic staff submitting a portfolio of peer-reviewed published work. The candidate may also be required to successfully complete a certain number of additional, advanced courses relevant to his or her area of specialization.
A candidate must submit a thesis or dissertation consisting of a suitable body of original academic research, which is in principle worthy of publication in a peer-refereed context.[1] In many countries a candidate must defend this work before a panel of expert examiners appointed by the university; in other countries, the dissertation is examined by a panel of expert examiners who stipulate whether the dissertation is in principle passable and the issues that need to be addressed before the dissertation can be passed.
Universities in the non-English-speaking world have begun adopting similar standards to those of the Anglophone Ph.D. degree for their research doctorates (see, for example, Bologna Process).[2]