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Pronunciation | (PLAT-ən-əm) |
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Appearance | silvery white |
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| 195.084(9)[1] |
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Atomic number (Z) | 78 |
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Group | group 10 |
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Period | period 6 |
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Block | d-block |
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Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 2041.4 K (1768.3 °C, 3214.9 °F) |
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Boiling point | 4098 K (3825 °C, 6917 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 21.45 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 19.77 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 22.17 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 510 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 25.86 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
2330 |
(2550) |
2815 |
3143 |
3556 |
4094 |
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Oxidation states | −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly basic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.28 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 870 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1791 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 139 pm |
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Covalent radius | 136±5 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 175 pm |
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Spectral lines of platinum |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 2800 m/s (at r.t.) |
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Thermal expansion | 8.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 71.6 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 105 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
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Molar magnetic susceptibility | +201.9 × 10−6 cm3/mol (290 K)[2] |
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Tensile strength | 125–240 MPa |
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Young's modulus | 168 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 61 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 230 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.38 |
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Mohs hardness | 3.5 |
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Vickers hardness | 400–550 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 300–500 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-06-4 |
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Discovery | Antonio de Ulloa (1735) |
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Main isotopes[3] |
Decay |
|
abundance |
half-life (t1/2) |
mode |
product |
190Pt |
0.0120% |
4.83×1011 y |
α |
186Os |
192Pt |
0.782% |
stable |
193Pt |
synth |
50 y |
ε |
193Ir |
194Pt |
32.9% |
stable |
195Pt |
33.8% |
stable |
196Pt |
25.2% |
stable |
198Pt |
7.36% |
stable |
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Category: Platinum | references |