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Pronunciation | |
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Appearance | silvery grey-white metallic |
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| 47.867(1)[2] |
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Atomic number (Z) | 22 |
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Group | group 4 |
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Period | period 4 |
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Block | d-block |
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Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d2 4s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 10, 2 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1941 K (1668 °C, 3034 °F) |
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Boiling point | 3560 K (3287 °C, 5949 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 4.506 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 4.11 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 14.15 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 425 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 25.060 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1982 |
2171 |
(2403) |
2692 |
3064 |
3558 |
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Oxidation states | −2, −1, 0,[3] +1, +2, +3, +4[4] (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.54 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 658.8 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1309.8 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2652.5 kJ/mol
- (more)
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Atomic radius | empirical: 147 pm |
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Covalent radius | 160±8 pm |
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Spectral lines of titanium |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 5090 m/s (at r.t.) |
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Thermal expansion | 8.6 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 21.9 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 420 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic |
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Molar magnetic susceptibility | +153.0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[5] |
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Young's modulus | 116 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 44 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 110 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.32 |
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Mohs hardness | 6.0 |
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Vickers hardness | 830–3420 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 716–2770 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-32-6 |
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Discovery | William Gregor (1791) |
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First isolation | Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1825) |
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Named by | Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1795) |
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Main isotopes[6] |
Decay |
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abundance |
half-life (t1/2) |
mode |
product |
44Ti |
synth |
59.1 y |
ε |
44Sc |
46Ti |
8.25% |
stable |
47Ti |
7.44% |
stable |
48Ti |
73.7% |
stable |
49Ti |
5.41% |
stable |
50Ti |
5.18% |
stable |
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Category: Titanium | references |