Umchazandalo
inzululwazi ecwaninga utho nesidlakalasi / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Umchazandalo uyinzululwazi yemvelo ecwaninga utho, [lower-alpha 1] izakhi zalo eziyisisekelo, umdiki walo nokucondoza kwalo emkhathini nasesikhathini, kanye nokuhlobana kwempekumpeku nesiphoqi . Umchazandalo ongesinye sezifundo zenzululwazi eziyisiseko, nesimpokompelo yaso eyinhloko kuwukuqonda ukuthi umkhathilibe ucondoza kanjani. Usonzululwazi ongungoti emkhakheni womchazandalo ubizwa ngokuthi umfundindalo.
Umchazandalo ungesinye sezifundo ezindala kakhulu, futhi, uma sihlangene nomchazamkhathi, cishe kuba esidala ukwedlula zonke. Phezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ezidlule, umchazandalo, umchazatho, umchazampilo, kanye namanye amagatsha womchazazibalo zaziyingxenye yenjulalwazi yemvelo, kodwa ngesikhathi seNguquko yezenzululwazi ekhulwini le-17 lezinzululwazi zafufusa njengocwaningo oluyingqayizivele oluzimele ngokwalo. Umchazandalo ucobelelana nezifundo eziningi, ezifana nomchazandalo wempilo (biophysics) kanye nomchazatho womngako (quantum chemistry), futhi imikhawulo yomchazandalo echasisiwe yaqondakala. Amasu amasha kumchazandalo imvama achaza izindlela eziyisiseko ezifundwa ezinye izinzululwazi futhi asikisela izindlela ezintsha zocwaningo kuzo nakwezinye izifundo ezifana nomchazazibalo nenjulalwazi.
Izintuthukiso kumchazandalo imvama zivulela Izintuthukiso kwezobuchwepheshe ezintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, Izintuthukiso ekuqondeni inzubawonga, umchazandalo wesimo esilukhumanqa, kanye nomchazandalo wenuzi kwaholela ngokuqondile ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo emisha eyaguqula umphakathi wanamuhla, efana nomabonakude, iziCikizi, izinsiza zasendlini, kanye nezikhali zenuzi; Izintuthukiso kwezomchadamezo (thermodynamics) zaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezezimboni; futhi Izintuthukiso kwezezinguxa kwafaka ugqozi ekuthuthukisweni koqaqulo (calculus).