Clofazimine
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Clofazimine, sold under the brand name Lamprene, is a medication used together with rifampicin and dapsone to treat leprosy.[1] It is specifically used for multibacillary (MB) leprosy and erythema nodosum leprosum.[2] Evidence is insufficient to support its use in other conditions[1] though a retrospective study found it 95% effective in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) when administered with a macrolide and ethambutol,[3] as well as the drugs amikacin and clarithromycin.[4] However, in the United States, clofazimine is considered an orphan drug, is unavailable in pharmacies, and its use in the treatment of MAC is overseen by the Food and Drug Administration.[5] It is taken orally.[1]
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Trade names | Lamprene |
Other names | N,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(1-methylethylimino)-5H-phenazin-2-amine |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682128 |
Routes of administration | By mouth |
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Elimination half-life | 70 days |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.016.347 |
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Formula | C27H22Cl2N4 |
Molar mass | 473.40 g·mol−1 |
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Melting point | 210 to 212 °C (410 to 414 °F) |
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Common side effects include abdominal pain, diarrhea, itchiness, dry skin, and change in skin color.[1] It can also cause swelling of the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, increased blood sugar, and sensitivity to the sun.[2] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe.[1] Clofazimine is a phenazine dye and is believed to work by interfering with DNA.[1]
Clofazimine was discovered in the 1950s at Trinity College, Dublin,[6] and approved for medical use in the United States in 1986.[1] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] In the United States it is not available commercially but can be obtained from the US Department of Health and Human Services.[1]